평화/화해
[DMZ 포럼] What is DMZ......? (1)
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기사연
작성일
2000-02-28 22:08
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2983
What is DMZ to the native people in The Third War?
by Noh, Jong Sun(Yonsei Univiersity)
nohjong@Chollian.net
1. Introduction
Militarized Zone has been implimented by the Armistice Agreement in July 27, 1953, in Korea and has been there for the last 46 years.
Demilitarized Zone is known to the world in a way that the area is in fact 'the most heavily militarized area' in the world for the last some 50 years with all kinds of advanced weapon systems with millions of dumb mines.
What is the nature of DMZ for the people in Korea? And to the super powers around Korean peninsula? and to the ruling(?) strata in the Korean peninsula?
What is the historical aspects, and social biographical elements of DMZ?
Is there any solution on the problems in and around the DMZ?
The White British people who had arrived in Australia killed some 4 millions aborigins in Australia. After the arrival of the American Naval Forces in Hawaii in and around 1898, 1 million natives population has been reduced to some 20,000 to 30,000 only. There were some 16 million natives in North America, before the arrival of Columbus, but now there are only some 1.4 million natives there. Stalinistic policy in Russia eliminated more that 10 millin people in the land. More than 80 % of the natives in Namibia were slaughtered by the German Forces century ago.
In 1948, The United States Interim Military Government in South Korea killed some 30,000 native people in Chejudo Island, while they were trying to get some 500 communists.{{John Merril,"Chejudo Rebellion", Journal of Korean Studies, 1965. John Merril is now working as the Senior Research and Investigation, State Department,USA.
}} Containment Policy of the U.S. against the Communist world since the Brattonwood Conference of 1944 may be the clue to the solution.
This is the third war between the weak natives versus the strong non-natives. They have the two different concept of peace.
What is the nature of "peace" in the context of DMZ? What is the concept of military solution in this area of Demilitarized Zone?
These series of questions should be answered in a way from the holistic, historical and social biographical approaches in Korea.
1.0 Before we get into the discussion and analysis on DMZ, it is good to read the Armistice agreement and the artilces defining the DMZ. The agreement is following:
----------------
Armistice Agreement( July 27, 1953){{) Yang, Dae Hyun, Witness of History, Seoul, Hyungsul, 1994, p.441 양대현, 역사의 증언, 서울, 형설출판사.
}}
Agreement between the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, on the one hand, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, on the other hand, concerning a military armistice in Korea.
Preamble
The undersigned, the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, on the one hand, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, on the other hand, in the interest of stopping the Korean conflict, with its great toll of suffering and bloodshed on both sides, and with the objective of establishing an armistice which will insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved, do individually, collectively, and mutually agree to accept and to be bound and governed by the conditions and terms of armistice set forth in the following Articles and Paragraphs, which said conditions and terms are intended to be purely military in character and to pertain solely to the belligerents in Korea.
Article I Military Demarcation Line and Demilitarized Zone
1. A Military Demarcation Line shall be fixed and both sides shall withdraw two(2) kilometers from this line so as to establish a Demilitarized Zone between the opposing forces. A Demilitarized Zone shall be established as a buffer zone to prevent the occurrence of incidents which might lead to a resumption of hostilities.
2. The Military Demarcation Line is located as indicated on the attached map.(Map 1)
3. The Demilitarized Zone is defined by a northern and a southern boundary as indicated on the attached map(Map 1).
6. Neither side shall execute may hostile act within, from, or against the Demiliarized Zone.
7. No person, military or civilian, shall be permitted to cross the Military Demarcation Line unless specifically authorized to do so by the Military Armistice Commission.
8. No person, military or civilian, in the Demilitarized Zone shall be permitted to enter the territory under the military control of either side unless specifically authorized to do so by the Commander into whose territory entry is sought.
10. Civil administration and relief in that part of the Demilitarized Zone which is south of the Military Demarcation Line shall be the responsibility of the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command; and civil administration and relief in that part of the Demilitarized Zone which is north of the Military Demarcation Line shall be joint responsibility of the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers. ...
11. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to prevent the complete freedom of movement to, from, and within the Demilitarized Zone by the Military Armistice Commission, its assistants, its Joint Observer Teams with their assistants, the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission hereinafter established, its assistants, and of any other persons, materials, and equipment specifically authorized to enter the Demilitarized Zone by the Military Armistice Commission....
Article II Concrete Arrangements for Cease-Fire and Armistice
12. The Commanders of the opposing sides shall order and enforce a complete cessation of all hostilities in Korea by all armed forces under their control, including all units and personnel of the ground, naval, and air forces, effective twelve (12) hours after this Armistice Agreement is signed....
13. ... All demolitions, minefields, wire entanglements, and other hazards ...within forty five(45) days after the termination of the seventy-two(72) hours period, all such hazards shall be removed from the Demilitarized Zone as directed by and under the supervision of the Military Armistice Commission....
14 ...all the islands lying to the north and west of the provincial boundary line between HWANGHAE-DO and KYUNGGI-DO shall be under the military control of the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, except the island groups of PAENGNYUNG-DO, (37'58" N, 124'40"E) TAECHONG-DO(37' 50"N, 124' 42"E) SOCHONG-DO(37' 46" N, 124' 46"E) YONPYUNG-DO(37'38"N, 125' 40"E) U-DO(37' 36"N, 125' 58"E) which shall remain under the military control of the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command. All the islands on the west coast of Korea lying south of the above-mentioned
boundary line shall remain under the military control of the Commander-in Chief, United Nations Command.(see Map 3)
....
63. All of the provisions of this Armistice Agreement other than Paragraph 12 shall become effective at 2200 hours on 27 July 1953.
Done at Panmunjom, Korea at 10:00 hours on the 27th day of July 1953, in English, Korean and Chinese, all texts being equally authentic.
Mark W. Clark, General, United States Army, Commander-in Chief, United Nations Command.
Peng Teh-huai, Commander, Chinese People's Volunteers
Kim Il Sung, Marshal, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Supreme Commander,
Korean People's Army
Present
William K. Harrison,Jr. Lieutenant General, United States Army, Senior Delegate, United Nations Command Delegation
Nam Il General, Korean People's Army, Senior Delegate, Delegation of the Korean People's Army and the Chiese People's Volunteers.
by Noh, Jong Sun(Yonsei Univiersity)
nohjong@Chollian.net
1. Introduction
Militarized Zone has been implimented by the Armistice Agreement in July 27, 1953, in Korea and has been there for the last 46 years.
Demilitarized Zone is known to the world in a way that the area is in fact 'the most heavily militarized area' in the world for the last some 50 years with all kinds of advanced weapon systems with millions of dumb mines.
What is the nature of DMZ for the people in Korea? And to the super powers around Korean peninsula? and to the ruling(?) strata in the Korean peninsula?
What is the historical aspects, and social biographical elements of DMZ?
Is there any solution on the problems in and around the DMZ?
The White British people who had arrived in Australia killed some 4 millions aborigins in Australia. After the arrival of the American Naval Forces in Hawaii in and around 1898, 1 million natives population has been reduced to some 20,000 to 30,000 only. There were some 16 million natives in North America, before the arrival of Columbus, but now there are only some 1.4 million natives there. Stalinistic policy in Russia eliminated more that 10 millin people in the land. More than 80 % of the natives in Namibia were slaughtered by the German Forces century ago.
In 1948, The United States Interim Military Government in South Korea killed some 30,000 native people in Chejudo Island, while they were trying to get some 500 communists.{{John Merril,"Chejudo Rebellion", Journal of Korean Studies, 1965. John Merril is now working as the Senior Research and Investigation, State Department,USA.
}} Containment Policy of the U.S. against the Communist world since the Brattonwood Conference of 1944 may be the clue to the solution.
This is the third war between the weak natives versus the strong non-natives. They have the two different concept of peace.
What is the nature of "peace" in the context of DMZ? What is the concept of military solution in this area of Demilitarized Zone?
These series of questions should be answered in a way from the holistic, historical and social biographical approaches in Korea.
1.0 Before we get into the discussion and analysis on DMZ, it is good to read the Armistice agreement and the artilces defining the DMZ. The agreement is following:
----------------
Armistice Agreement( July 27, 1953){{) Yang, Dae Hyun, Witness of History, Seoul, Hyungsul, 1994, p.441 양대현, 역사의 증언, 서울, 형설출판사.
}}
Agreement between the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, on the one hand, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, on the other hand, concerning a military armistice in Korea.
Preamble
The undersigned, the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command, on the one hand, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, on the other hand, in the interest of stopping the Korean conflict, with its great toll of suffering and bloodshed on both sides, and with the objective of establishing an armistice which will insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved, do individually, collectively, and mutually agree to accept and to be bound and governed by the conditions and terms of armistice set forth in the following Articles and Paragraphs, which said conditions and terms are intended to be purely military in character and to pertain solely to the belligerents in Korea.
Article I Military Demarcation Line and Demilitarized Zone
1. A Military Demarcation Line shall be fixed and both sides shall withdraw two(2) kilometers from this line so as to establish a Demilitarized Zone between the opposing forces. A Demilitarized Zone shall be established as a buffer zone to prevent the occurrence of incidents which might lead to a resumption of hostilities.
2. The Military Demarcation Line is located as indicated on the attached map.(Map 1)
3. The Demilitarized Zone is defined by a northern and a southern boundary as indicated on the attached map(Map 1).
6. Neither side shall execute may hostile act within, from, or against the Demiliarized Zone.
7. No person, military or civilian, shall be permitted to cross the Military Demarcation Line unless specifically authorized to do so by the Military Armistice Commission.
8. No person, military or civilian, in the Demilitarized Zone shall be permitted to enter the territory under the military control of either side unless specifically authorized to do so by the Commander into whose territory entry is sought.
10. Civil administration and relief in that part of the Demilitarized Zone which is south of the Military Demarcation Line shall be the responsibility of the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command; and civil administration and relief in that part of the Demilitarized Zone which is north of the Military Demarcation Line shall be joint responsibility of the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers. ...
11. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to prevent the complete freedom of movement to, from, and within the Demilitarized Zone by the Military Armistice Commission, its assistants, its Joint Observer Teams with their assistants, the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission hereinafter established, its assistants, and of any other persons, materials, and equipment specifically authorized to enter the Demilitarized Zone by the Military Armistice Commission....
Article II Concrete Arrangements for Cease-Fire and Armistice
12. The Commanders of the opposing sides shall order and enforce a complete cessation of all hostilities in Korea by all armed forces under their control, including all units and personnel of the ground, naval, and air forces, effective twelve (12) hours after this Armistice Agreement is signed....
13. ... All demolitions, minefields, wire entanglements, and other hazards ...within forty five(45) days after the termination of the seventy-two(72) hours period, all such hazards shall be removed from the Demilitarized Zone as directed by and under the supervision of the Military Armistice Commission....
14 ...all the islands lying to the north and west of the provincial boundary line between HWANGHAE-DO and KYUNGGI-DO shall be under the military control of the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and the Commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers, except the island groups of PAENGNYUNG-DO, (37'58" N, 124'40"E) TAECHONG-DO(37' 50"N, 124' 42"E) SOCHONG-DO(37' 46" N, 124' 46"E) YONPYUNG-DO(37'38"N, 125' 40"E) U-DO(37' 36"N, 125' 58"E) which shall remain under the military control of the Commander-in-Chief, United Nations Command. All the islands on the west coast of Korea lying south of the above-mentioned
boundary line shall remain under the military control of the Commander-in Chief, United Nations Command.(see Map 3)
....
63. All of the provisions of this Armistice Agreement other than Paragraph 12 shall become effective at 2200 hours on 27 July 1953.
Done at Panmunjom, Korea at 10:00 hours on the 27th day of July 1953, in English, Korean and Chinese, all texts being equally authentic.
Mark W. Clark, General, United States Army, Commander-in Chief, United Nations Command.
Peng Teh-huai, Commander, Chinese People's Volunteers
Kim Il Sung, Marshal, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Supreme Commander,
Korean People's Army
Present
William K. Harrison,Jr. Lieutenant General, United States Army, Senior Delegate, United Nations Command Delegation
Nam Il General, Korean People's Army, Senior Delegate, Delegation of the Korean People's Army and the Chiese People's Volunteers.